前言:我们精心挑选了数篇优质英文科技论文文章,供您阅读参考。期待这些文章能为您带来启发,助您在写作的道路上更上一层楼。
科学技术是第一生产力,科学技术的创新离不开科技论文。通常人们将科技会议论文和科技期刊论文统称为科技论文。科技论文按写作语言的不同可分为中文科技论文和外文科技论文。外文科技论文以英文科技论文为主。英文科技论文比中文科技论文的数量多。众多的科研成果以英文科技论文形式发表,因此很有必要提高英文科技论文的阅读水平。
科技论文与科普文章不同。科普文章是写给公众看的,它具有一定的文学性和艺术性。科技论文是写给同行专家看的,它具有很强的逻辑性。科技论文的逻辑性在文字上表现为句子之间的衔接十分紧密,因此掌握句子之间的各种衔接方法有助于提高英文科技论文的阅读水平。
1 语法衔接
语法衔接包括省略、替代、照应和连接等多种方法,这些方法有助于增强英文科技论文的逻辑性和连贯性。
(1) Computers exist in a wide range of sizes and power. (2) The smallest are embedded within the circuitry of appliances, such as televisions and wrist watches.
句(2)中The smallest后面省略了在上文句(1)中已经出现的computers。采用省略的衔接方法避免了在句(2)中重复出现computers,突出了句(2)中的新信息“The smallest”,使得句子之间更加紧凑。
(3) Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks, for word processing, to track finances, and to play games.
(4) They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents.
(5) In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language.
(6) This led to the formation of Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the same year.
句(4)用人称代词They指上文句(3)中的Laptop computers and PCs,用人称代词起到照应的作用。句(6)用指示代词This指前面In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming language整个句子所表达的意思,用指示代词起到照应的作用。这种照应的衔接方法使得科技论文更加简洁,表达的意思更加清晰。
(7) A laser used with the erbium-doped fiber can then be triggered without first having to convert weakened light pulses into electrical signals.
(8) As a result, with no intervening optical / electronic conversions to slow down transmissions, fibers can carry more information in the form of higher speed signals.
句(8)中的As a result表示句(7) 与句(8)之间是一种因果关系。还有一些过渡性的词语可以表示转折、时间、条件和因果等逻辑关系。掌握起衔接作用的过渡性词语,有助于把握科技论文的内在逻辑。
2词汇衔接
为了进一步增强英文科技论文的逻辑性和连贯性。英文科技论文除了应用语法衔接的方法,还大量使用词汇衔接的方法。词汇衔接包括重复、同义、反义、上下义等多种方法。
(9) The secret to perfect timing is to make an extra satellite measurement.
(10) If three perfect measurements can locate a point in 3-dimensional space, then four imperfect measurements can do the same thing.
句(9)中出现了measurement(单数形式),句(10)中又重复出现了measurements(复数形式),这种词汇重复方法不但使得两个句子更加紧密,而且突出了论文要表达的重要信息(measurement)。
(11) If everything were perfect (i.e. if our receiver’s clocks were perfect) then all of our satellite ranges would intersect at a single point (which is our position).
(12) But with imperfect clocks, a fourth measurement, done as a cross-check, will NOT intersect with the first three.
(13) Funding such an immense project would cost more than $230 billion over several decades.
(14) To make this investment economically feasible, phone companies want new laws that would let them supply programming as well as carry it for other companies.
(15) Some cable-TV companies, broadcasters, (下转第79页)(上接第74页)and publishers strongly oppose the entry of such powerful competitors.
(11)中的perfect与句(12)中的imperfect是一对反义词,利用反义词衔接两个句子,起到了强烈的对比作用。句(13)中的Funding与句(14)中的investment是一对同义词,利用同义词衔接两个句子,不但可以避免用词过于单调,还可以起到了强化同义词所表达意思的作用。句(14)与句(15)利用上下义词衔接两个句子,句(14)中的companies是个上义词,它抽象地指公司,句(15)中的cable-TV companies, broadcasters和 publishers是下义词,它们具体指有线电视公司、广播公司和出版商。
熟练掌握各种衔接方法,有助于把握科技论文的内在逻辑性,并快速准确地获取英文科技论文所包含的信息,达到提高英文科技论文阅读水平的目的。
英文科技论文致谢范文【1】
Acknowledgements:
Thecompletionofthethesisisattributedtomanypeople'ssupportandencouragement.
Firstandforemost,Iwanttoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorCaoDaogen,whosepatientguidance,valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementmakemesuccessfullycompletethisthesis.Hisconscientiousacademicspiritandmodest,open-mindedpersonalityinspiremebothinacademicstudyanddailylife.Hegivesmemuchhelpandadviceduringthewholeprocessofmywriting,whichhasmademyaccomplishmentspossible.
Also,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversity.Theirinstructionshavehelpedbroadenmyhorizonandtheirenlighteningteachinghasprovidedmewithasolidfoundationtoaccomplishthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvalueformyfuturecareerandacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogototheauthorswhosebooksandarticleshavegivenmeinspirationinthewritingofthispaper.
Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketoexpressmyspecialthankstomyparents,whosecareandsupportmotivatemetomoveonandmakemewanttobeabetterperson.
英文科技论文致谢范文【2】
Acknowledgements:
IwouldliketodedicatemypapertoallthosewhohaveofferedmetremendousassistanceduringthethreeyearsinZhejiangUniversityofFinanceandEconomics.
Firstofall,myheartiestthanksflowtomysupervisor,ProfessorCaoDaogen,forhishelpfulguidance,valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementbothinmystudyandinmylife.Hisprofoundinsightandaccuratenessaboutmypapertaughtmesomuchthattheyareengravedonmyheart.Heprovidedmewithbeneficialhelpandofferedmepreciouscommentsduringthewholeprocessofmywriting,withoutwhichthepaperwouldnotbewhatitisnow.
Also,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversitythatgreatlybroadenedmyhorizonandenrichedmyknowledgeinmystudy.Theirinspirationalandconscientiousteachinghaveprovidedmewithafirmbasisforthecomposingofthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvaluetomyfutureacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogotothescholarswhosemonographsandacademicpapershaveenlightenedmeinthewritingofthispaper.
Finally,Iwouldliketoextendmydeepgratefulnesstomyfamilyandfriends,especiallymythreeroommates,ChenLinghua,GongShaandHuangJin,whoseencouragementandsupporthavemademyaccomplishmentspossible.
英文科技论文致谢范文【3】
Acknowledgements:
Thisthesiswouldhavebeenafarmorepallidthingwithoutthegenerosityandsupportfrommanymembers.
Firstofall,IwouldliketoacknowledgewithgratitudetomysupervisorinChinaForeignAffairsUniversity,ProfessorLvHui,forherpatience,encouragementandcarefulguidance.Withouthersupportiveadviceandinstruction,Iwouldnothavefinishedthisthesis.
IamalsogreatlyindebttoallmyteachersintheEnglishDepartmentofChinaForeignAffairsUniversity,ProfessorGuoLiqiu,ProfessorCuiChangqing,ProfessorShiYi,ProfessorSunJisheng,ProfessorSongAiqun,andProfessorHeQunforeverythingIhaveleantfromthemduringtheperiodintheuniversity.AnditisalsoapleasuretoacknowledgeoneofmyteachersinXinxiangUniversity(HenanProvince),ProfessorDongAihua,forhersupportonmyrecommendationletter.
Iwouldliketothankmyfriends,LiWei,forcollectingusefulinformationforme.Thanks,too,tomynewly-acquaintedfriendinAuckland-Julia,forguidingmetotheresourcesofreferences.AndadditionalgratefulnodstothestaffofAucklandCityCentralLibraryforhelpingmeaccessquicklytoallreferenceresources.
Sincerelythankstomydearestparents,fortheirgenerouslove,supportandunderstandingtowardsmystudyandcareerforsomanyyears.
Finally,mylong-sufferinghusbanddeservesthanksforhispatience.Hethinksittakestoomuchtimeformetoaccomplishmythesis,especiallywithababy.
英文科技论文致谢范文【4】
Acknowledgements:
Duringthepreparationofthemaster'sthesis,Ihavereceivedalotofinvaluablehelpsfrommanypeople.Theircommentsandadvicescontributetotheaccomplishmentofthethesis.
Firstofall,theprofoundgratitudeshouldgotomysupervisorProfessorCaoDaogen.Hehasgivenmegreatinstructionsandencouragementsthroughouttheprocessofselectingtheresearchtopic,writingthethesis,improvingtheoutlineandtheargumentation,andcorrectingthegrammaticalerrors.Hisinsightfulcommentsoneverydraft,whichprovidemewithmanyenlighteningideas,haveinspiredmetoagreatextent.Thethesiscouldnotbefinishedwithouthispatientguidance.
Secondly,Iwanttoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoalltheteacherswhohavehelpedandtaughtmeinthisuniversity.IamparticularlygratefultoProfessorShaoBinandProfessorZhangLing.Theirlinguisticscourseshavebroadenedmyhorizonandarousedmyinterestinlinguistics.
1 题目:
题目是论文内容的高度概括,它准确、简练和清晰地反映论文的研究范围和深度,以便于读者宣读,同时也便于文献检索和追踪。题目中应包括文章的主要关键词。正如The interplay between economic and political development,意为“经济发展和政治发展的相互影响”,可以看出题目中包含了文章讲述的主要关键词“民主”“经济”和“相互影响”。题名像一条标签,切忌用较长的主、谓、宾语结构的完整语句逐点描述论文的内容,以保证达到“简洁”的要求;而“恰当”的要求应反映在用词的中肯、醒目、好读好记上。题名应简短,不应很长,一般不宜超过20个汉字。
2署名:
论文的署名,标明作者享有著作权,获得相应的荣誉和权益,而且也表示文责字符,即作者有义务对所发表的研究成果的科学性和真实性负责,同时为日后成为文献资料,便于检索、查阅提供必要的一句。作者署名的一个基本原则就是突出创造性工作,尊重客观事实、实事求是。作者的数目不宜过多,通常署名的作者不宜超过六人。第一作者应对论出主要的贡献,并为主要责任者。
3 文摘:
文摘应包括目的、方法、结果、结论。一般的科技论文都应尽量写成报道性文摘,而对综述性、资料性或评论性的文章可写成指示性或报道、指示性文摘。编写时要客观、如实地反映一次文献;要着重反映文稿中的新观点;不要重复本学科领域已成常识的内容;不要简单地重复题名中已有的信息;书写要合乎语法,尽量同文稿的文体保持一致;结构要严谨,表达要简明,语义要确切;要用第三人称的写法。摘要字数一般在300字左右。
4关键词:
为了便于读者从浩如烟海的书刊中寻找文献,特别是适应计算机自动检索的需要,应在文摘后给出3-8个关键词。选能反映文献特征内容,通用性比较强的关键词。如果读者选用某个通用词来检索,将会把数据库中包含盖茨与的各学科文献都归总到一起,很难从中找出所需要的信息,素衣通用词不适合用做关键词。
5 引言:
引言(前言、序言、概述)经常作为科技论文的开端,它简明介绍科技论文的背景、相关领域的前人研究历史与现状(有时亦称这部分为文献综述),以及著者的意图与分析依据,包括科技论文的追求目标、研究范围和理论、技术方案的选取等。引言应言简意赅,不要等同于文摘,或成为文摘的注释。
6 正文:正文应充分阐明科技论文的观点、原理、方法及具体达到预期目标的整个过程,并且突出一个“新”字,以反映科技论文具有的首创性。根据需要,论文可以分层深人,逐层剖析,按层设分层标题。例文中作者在正文部分提出了Theoretical Notions, Effects of democracy on economic growth, Framework for the determination of democracy, Regression results for democracy, Long_run forecasts of democracy五个部分,分别进行了理论分析、民主对经济增长的影响、民主的回归结果和民主的长期预测五部分。科技论文写作不要求文字华丽,但要求思路清晰,合乎逻辑,用语简洁准确、明快流畅;内容务求客观、科学、完备,要尽量让事实和数据说话;凡用简要的文字能够说清楚的,应用文字陈述,用文字不容易说明白或说起来比较繁琐的,应由表或图来陈述。例如文中提供了大量的数据、图表和公式来详细说明文章的论证过程:
7 结论:
结论是整篇文章的最后总结。主要是回答“研究出什么”(What)。它应该完整、准确、简洁地指出:一是由研究对象进行考察或实验得到的结果所揭示的原理及其普遍性;二是研究中有无发现例外或本论文尚难以解释和解决的问题;三是与先前已经发表过的(包括他人或著者自己)研究工作的异同;四是本论文在理论上与实用上的意义与价值;五是对进一步深人研究本课题的建议。